COVID-19 vaccination uptake in children with epilepsy and vaccine hesitancy among their parents: a survey.

This study explored the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination coverage among children with epilepsy (CwE), factors affecting vaccination coverage, and the effect of COVID-19 vaccines on epilepsy after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. A questionnaire was administered to CwE and their parents at the Pediatric Neurology Clinic of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University between December 12, 2022, and February 28, 2023. Data were analyzed using the t-tests, chi-square tests, and logistic regression. The analysis included 250 CwE who responded to the survey; of these, 152 (60.8%) had been vaccinated against COVID-19. COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in parents whose CwE were not vaccinated was mostly due to concerns of vaccine-related exacerbation of seizures and of vaccine-related adverse reactions (44.30% and 41.90% of the respondents, respectively). Univariate analysis showed that vaccination and number of doses of vaccine did not affect seizure incidence within 1 month of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Logistic regression analysis showed that CwE below primary school age, and those taking two or more antiseizure medication (ASMs) were less likely to be vaccinated (p = 0.007).   Conclusion: The primary reasons for vaccine hesitancy among parents of unvaccinated CwE were concerns regarding seizure exacerbation and adverse reactions following COVID-19 vaccination. CwE who were below primary school age and those who took two or more ASMs were less likely to be vaccinated. Addressing parents' concerns is necessary to build their confidence in COVID-19 vaccines and ensure that CwE are vaccinated. What is Known: • People with epilepsy have a higher risk of severe and fatal COVID-19 than those without epilepsy but, despite this, COVID-19 vaccination coverage is considerably lower in people with epilepsy than in people without epilepsy. What is New: • In unvaccinated children with epilepsy, the foremost reasons for COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among parents were concerns about seizure exacerbation and vaccine-related adverse reactions. • Vaccination and number of doses of vaccine did not exacerbate seizures in children with epilepsy, those below primary school level and those taking two or more antiseizure medications were less likely to be vaccinated.

Clinical features of histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis in children.

Due to its nonspecific clinical characteristics, histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis (HNL) is often misdiagnosed as a suppurative cervical lymphadenitis and lymphoma. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics of HNL in pediatric patients. We retrospectively identified 61 patients with histopathologically confirmed HNL. Clinical and laboratory data, including age, sex, clinical manifestations, laboratory investigations, histological discoveries, treatment, and outcomes, were collected from the medical records to determine associations with extracervical lymph node (LN) involvement. The mean age of patients was 9.7 ± 2.8 years (range, 1.5-14.0 years), and the male-to-female ratio was 2.2:1. The most common systemic symptom was fever in all patients. The median pre-admission and total durations of fever were 13.0 (interquartile range [IQR]: 9.0-22.5 days) and 22.0 days (IQR: 17.0-33.0 days), respectively. Patients with temporary fever (< 2 weeks) had a higher peak temperature and were more likely to undergo LN biopsy after admission than those with a prolonged fever (≥ 2 weeks). Multivariate analysis revealed that peak temperature ≥ 40 °C was significantly associated with a longer fever duration (P = 0.023). Laboratory values showed leukopenia (68.9%), which presented more frequently in solitary cervical LNs than in extracervical LNs (82.4% vs. 52.9%, p = 0.027) in patients with prolonged fever. CONCLUSIONS: HNL is often misdiagnosed in older children with persistent fever and lymphadenopathy, leading to unnecessary diagnostic tests and evaluations, inappropriate antibiotic administration, and mismanagement. A multidisciplinary team, including primary care providers, rheumatologists, and pathologists, can improve patient outcomes by increasing their awareness of this rare condition. WHAT IS KNOWN: • Histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis (HNL) is characterized by fever, leukopenia, and neck lymphadenopathy with unknown etiology. • The lack of neutrophils or eosinophils in the histology, immunohistochemistry results help distinguish HNL from infectious causes. Although HNL is a self-limiting disease, antibiotics and steroid treatments were used inappropriately. WHAT IS NEW: • A fever peak ≥ 40 °C was associated with a longer fever duration in HNL patients. Leukopenia presented more frequently in solitary cervical lymph node (LNs) than in extracervical LNs inpatients with prolonged fever. • Steroids are not recommended as a routine treatment, however, in some severe or relapsing cases with persistent symptoms, prednisolone (5 mg twice a day for 2 days) or other steroids (an equivalent dose of prednisolone) responded favorably.

Effect of Shengmai Yin on Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Radioresistant Cells.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the mechanism by which Chinese medicine Shengmai Yin (SMY) reverses epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) through lipocalin-2 (LCN2) in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cells CNE-2R. METHODS: Morphological changes in EMT in CNE-2R cells were observed under a microscope, and the expressions of EMT markers were detected using quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) and Western blot assays. Through the Gene Expression Omnibus dataset and text mining, LCN2 was found to be highly related to radiation resistance and EMT in NPC. The expressions of LCN2 and EMT markers following SMY treatment (50 and 100 µ g/mL) were detected by RT-qPCR and Western blot assays in vitro. Cell proliferation, migration, and invasion abilities were measured using colony formation, wound healing, and transwell invasion assays, respectively. The inhibitory effect of SMY in vivo was determined by observing a zebrafish xenograft model with a fluorescent label. RESULTS: The CNE-2R cells showed EMT transition and high expression of LCN2, and the use of SMY (5, 10 and 20 µ g/mL) reduced the expression of LCN2 and reversed the EMT in the CNE-2R cells. Compared to that of the CNE-2R group, the proliferation, migration, and invasion abilities of SMY high-concentration group were weakened (P<0.05). Moreover, SMY mediated tumor growth and metastasis in a dose-dependent manner in a zebrafish xenograft model, which was consistent with the in vitro results. CONCLUSIONS: SMY can reverse the EMT process of CNE-2R cells, which may be related to its inhibition of LCN2 expression. Therefore, LCN2 may be a potential diagnostic marker and therapeutic target in patients with NPC.

Effect of GADD45G on the radioresistance of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells.

The development of radioresistance by nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cells almost always results in tumor recurrence and metastasis, making clinical treatment of the disease difficult. In this study, the mechanism of radioresistance in NPC cells was investigated. First, a gene array and quantitative reverse-transcription-PCR assays were used to screen for genes exhibiting significantly altered expression in the DNA damage signaling pathway. Based on those results, GADD45G was further studied in the context of radioresistance. A GADD45G-knockout NPC cell line (CNE-2R-KO) was constructed using CRISPR-Cas9 technology and used for a comparison of differences in radioresistance with other radiosensitive and radioresistant NPC cells, as evaluated using colony formation assays. Cell cycle changes were observed using flow cytometry. Cell proliferation and migration were measured using 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide and wound healing assays, respectively. The sequencing results revealed the successful construction of the CNE-2R-KO cell line, the radiosensitivity of which was higher than that of its parent radioresistant cell line owing to the GADD45G knockout. This was likely related to the increase in the number of cells in the G1 phase and decrease in those in the S1 phase as well as the increased cell proliferation rate and decreased migratory ability. GADD45G is associated with radioresistance in NPC cells and likely has a role in the occurrence and metastasis of NPC.

CH/π-interaction-driven self-assembly of tetraphenylethylene derivatives into the face to face arrangement.

For tetraphenylethene (TPE) derivatives, it is difficult to determine the arrangement of the molecules in the aggregation state because disordered aggregation usually occurs. To solve the problem, we have explored a novel and facile strategy to investigate the aggregation mode of a TPE derivative framework in which the two neighboring ortho carbons of two phenyl moieties at the same ethylene carbon were linked with an alkoxyl chain (C4) (denoted as TPEC4). The XRD measurements on the particles obtained in a DMSO/H2O mixture (f w = 60%) showed sharp peaks which is consistent with the simulated XRD patterns on the basis of a single crystal structure of TPEC4, indicating well-ordered molecular packing in the aggregated state. The CH/π-interaction and solvophobicity driven self-assembly behaviour of the compound was observed in the DMSO/H2O mixture. A face to face molecular packing structure that arises from quadruple intermolecular CH/π-interactions of the tetraphenylethylenes is the key motif for self-assembly in solution. The unique blue-red shifted emission in the DMSO/H2O mixture associated with aggregated behaviour of the compound was also investigated. This discovery will provide the basis for theoretical research and the rational design of TPE-based luminogens.

Effect of Shengmai Yin on the DNA methylation status of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell and its radioresistant strains.

Shengmai Yin (SMY) is a Chinese herbal decoction that effectively alleviates the side effects of radiotherapy in various cancers and helps achieve radiotherapy's clinical efficacy. In this study, we explored the interaction mechanism among SMY, DNA methylation, and nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). We identified differences in DNA methylation levels in NPC CNE-2 cells and its radioresistant cells (CNE-2R) using the methylated DNA immunoprecipitation array and found that CNE-2R cells showed genome-wide changes in methylation status towards a state of hypomethylation. SMY may restore its original DNA methylation status, and thus, enhance radiosensitivity. Furthermore, we confirmed that the differential gene Tenascin-C (TNC) was overexpressed in CNE-2R cells and that SMY downregulated TNC expression. This downregulation of TNC inhibited NPC cell radiation resistance, migration, and invasion. Furthermore, we found that TNC was hypomethylated in CNE-2R cells and partially restored to a hypermethylated state after SMY intervention. DNA methyltransferases 3a may be the key protein in DNA methylation of TNC.

Curcumin and wikstroflavone B, a new biflavonoid isolated from Wikstroemia indica, synergistically suppress the proliferation and metastasis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells via blocking FAK/STAT3 signaling pathway.

BACKGROUND: Curcumin (CUR) is a natural diarylheptanoid with marked anti-tumor activities. Recent investigations demonstrate that CUR combines with some other phytochemicals exerts advantages over its single application manifested as lower toxicity, higher efficacy or more significant reversal of multidrug resistance. PURPOSE: This study aimed to elucidate a new biflavonoid (wikstroflavone B, WFB) isolated from Wikstroemia indica and to assess the synergistic inhibition of combined CUR and WFB (CUR/WFB) on human nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cell lines proliferation and metastasis. METHODS: WFB was obtained through sequential chromatographic methods including silica gel, Sephadex LH-20 and preparative HPLC. Its structure was determined by HRESIMS, 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic analysis. The absolute configuration of WFB was assigned through comparison of experimental and calculated optical rotation (OR) values. Changes in cellular viability, migration and invasion were assessed by MTT, colony formation, wound healing and Transwell assays. The nature of synergistic interaction of CUR/WFB was determined through the combination index (CI) method under the median-effect analysis. Expression levels of indicated mRNAs and proteins were measured by qRT-PCR and Western blotting assays, respectively. RESULTS: WFB was isolated and structural elucidated. Compared with CUR or WFB used alone, CUR/WFB treatment inhibited more effectively on the cell viability, colony formation, cell migration and invasion. Both CI and dose reduction index (DRI) values indicated the significant synergistic effects existed between CUR and WFB. Besides, CUR/WFB showed the marked modulation on the genes involved in cell proliferation (survivin, cyclin D1, p53 and p21) and metastasis (MMP-2, MMP-9 and FAK). CUR/WFB treatment was also found to restrain the phosphorylation of FAK and STAT3 proteins. When pretreatment with a FAK inhibitor, the cell viability and metastasis were significantly attenuated. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that WFB can synergistically increase the inhibitory effects of CUR on NPC cells proliferation and metastasis, and these findings may afford a rational approach for developing the antitumor medications.

Curcumin Enhances Radiosensitization of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma via Mediating Regulation of Tumor Stem-like Cells by a CircRNA Network.

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are involved in cancer development via inhibition of miRNAs, which are associated with differentiation, proliferation, migration, and carcinogenicity. Curcumin has antioxidant and anti-cancer properties, and it has also been used as a radiosensitizer. In this study, we explored the potential relationships among curcumin, circRNAs, and nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). We compared the differences in circRNA levels in NPC cell lines after radiotherapy and after treatment with curcumin, using a high-throughput microarray. Further, a circRNA-miRNA-mRNA interaction network between radiation resistance NPC cell lines and tumor stem cells was constructed by applying bioinformatics. Finally, it was demonstrated by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay and wound healing assay that curcumin could enhance radiosensitization of NPC cell lines via mediating regulation of tumor stem-like cells by the "hsa_circRNA_102115"-"hsa-miR-335-3p"-"MAPK1" interaction network.

Curcumin enhances radiosensitization of nasopharyngeal carcinoma by regulating circRNA network.

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are involved in the regulation of gene expression in different physiological and pathological processes. These macromolecules can act as microRNA (miRNA) sponges and play an important role as gene regulators throughout the circRNA-miRNA pathway. In this study, we established a radioresistance model with the nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line CNE-2, and then analyzed the differences in the circRNAs between radioresistant and normal nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell lines using a high-throughput microarray. Tested circRNAs included 1042 upregulated and 1558 downregulated circRNAs. Relevant signaling pathways associated with the circRNAs and their target miRNAs were analyzed using bioinformatics analysis to determine the radioresistance of the differentially expressed circRNAs. Curcumin was used to treat irradiated cell lines, and changes in the circRNA before and after curcumin treatment were analyzed to investigate the radiosensitization effects of curcumin. The results showed that curcumin could regulate the circRNA-miRNA-messenger RNA network and inhibit the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (STAT3), and growth factor receptor-bound protein 2 (GRB2) to achieve radiosensitization. Thus, circRNA acted as a miRNA sponge and regulated the expression of miRNA, thereby affecting EGFR, STAT3, and GRB2 expression and radiosensitization.

[Effects of Shengmai Jianghuang San on intestinal flora in nude mice with radio resistant cells of nasopharyngeal carcinoma].

Modern pharmacological studies have shown that Shengmai San has the effects of enhancing immunity and improving blood circulation, and Curcumae Longae Rhizoma(Jianghuang) has anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-oxidation and other functions. Shengmai San combined with Jianghuang is a new research direction in the study of anti-tumor of traditional Chinese medicines. The main treatment for nasopharyngeal carcinoma is radiation therapy, but radiation therapy can cause a variety of side effects, and it also changes the composition of the intestinal flora. In this study, the 16 s rDNA sequencing platform was used to perform macro-sequence sequencing of the intestinal flora samples of nude mice bearing the veins of Shengmai Jianghuang San, and then the results of intestinal flora data were analyzed to investigate the effect of Shengmai Jianghuang San on tumors. The results showed that Shengmai Jianghuang San combined with irradiation could enhance the therapeutic effect of tumor treatment. Radiation therapy would reduce the total number and diversity of intestinal flora in nude mice, and also change the structure of the flora. Shengmai Jianghuang San could protect the diversity of colonies, and also partially restore the colony imbalance caused by irradiation. This study provides a research idea for Shengmai Jianghuang San as a sensitizing adjuvant for radiotherapy of nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

Transcriptional activation of USP16 gene expression by NFκB signaling.

Ubiquitin Specific Peptidase 16 (USP16) has been reported to contribute to somatic stem-cell defects in Down syndrome. However, how this gene being regulated is largely unknown. To study the mechanism underlying USP16 gene expression, USP16 gene promoter was cloned and analyzed by luciferase assay. We identified that the 5' flanking region (- 1856 bp ~ + 468 bp) of the human USP16 gene contained the functional promotor to control its transcription. Three bona fide NFκB binding sites were found in USP16 promoter. We showed that p65 overexpression enhanced endogenous USP16 mRNA level. Furthermore, LPS and TNFα, strong activators of the NFκB pathway, upregulated the USP16 transcription. Our data demonstrate that USP16 gene expression is tightly regulated at transcription level. NFκB signaling regulates the human USP16 gene expression through three cis-acting elements. The results provide novel insights into a potential role of dysregulation of USP16 expression in Alzheimer's dementia in Down Syndrome.

Switching on the proton transport pathway of a lanthanide metal-organic framework by one-pot loading of tetraethylene glycol for high proton conduction.

A one-pot hydrothermal approach has been developed to introduce tetraethylene glycol (TEG) molecules into a two-dimensional (2D) layered lanthanide metal-organic framework ([Sm(H5C2P2O7)(H2O)2]·Guest, denoted SmHEDP-Guest). Through the straightforward loading of TEG, the proton conductivity of SmHEDP-TEG (1.21 × 10-3 S cm-1) is increased by 3 orders of magnitude compared with its analogue SmHEDP-H2O (1.22 × 10-6 S cm-1) under 100% relative humidity at room temperature. More excitingly, SmHEDP-TEG exhibits very high proton conductivity of 9.17 × 10-2 S cm-1, even higher than commercial Nafion, when the temperature is increased to 333 K, which is significantly higher than SmHEDP-H2O (3.38 × 10-5 S cm-1). The single crystal XRD reveals that the adjacent water molecules located in the channels of SmHEDP-H2O are isolated without hydrogen bonding interactions owing to their long distances. However, interestingly, the guest TEG molecules of SmHEDP-TEG behave as hydrogen bonded connected bridges, which switch on the proton transport pathway to promote proton hopping. This discovery may provide a facile strategy to design and synthesize more promising candidates for novel proton conductors.

Regulating the emission of tetraphenylethenes by changing the alkoxyl linkage length between two neighboring phenyl moieties.

Alkoxyl linkages with different carbon lengths are employed to link the two neighboring ortho carbons of the two phenyl moieties at the same ethylene carbon of the tetraphenylethene framework, resulting in successful regulation of the molecular conformation and in turn the emission properties.

Ethanol Alters APP Processing and Aggravates Alzheimer-Associated Phenotypes.

The majority of Alzheimer's disease (AD) cases are sporadic with unknown causes. Many dietary factors including excessive alcohol intake have been reported to increase the risk to develop AD. The effect of alcohol on cognitive functions and AD pathogenesis remains elusive. In this study, we investigated the relationship between ethanol exposure and Alzheimer's disease. Cell cultures were treated with ethanol at different dosages for different durations up to 48 h and an AD model mouse was fed with ethanol for 4 weeks. We found that ethanol treatment altered amyloid ß precursor protein (APP) processing in cells and transgenic AD model mice. High ethanol exposure increased the levels of APP and beta-site APP cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) and significantly promoted amyloid ß protein (Aß) production both in vitro and in vivo. The upregulated APP and BACE1 expressions upon ethanol treatment were at least partially due to the activation of APP and BACE1 transcriptions. Furthermore, ethanol treatment increased the deposition of Aß and neuritic plaque formation in the brains and exuberated learning and memory impairments in transgenic AD model mice. Taken together, our results demonstrate that excessive ethanol intake facilitates AD pathogenesis.

Traumatic Brain Injury Alters the Metabolism and Facilitates Alzheimer's Disease in a Murine Model.

A majority of Alzheimer's disease (AD) cases are sporadic without known cause. People who suffered from traumatic brain injury (TBI) are more likely to develop neurodegeneration and cognitive impairments. However, the role of TBI in pathophysiology of AD remains elusive. The present study intended to explore the effect of TBI on metabolism and its role in AD pathogenesis. We subjected double transgenic AD model mice APP23/PS45 to TBI. We found that TBI promoted ß-secretase cleavage of amyloid ß precursor protein and amyloid ß protein deposition, and exuberated the cognitive impairments in AD mouse models. 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR)-based metabolomics with multivariate analysis was performed to investigate the characteristic metabolites and the related metabolic pathways in the serum and urine samples of the mice. TBI affected the metabolic patterns, methylamine metabolism, and amino acid metabolism in serum samples. Urinary metabolites showed that glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle were perturbed. The results indicate that TBI might facilitate Alzheimer's pathogenesis by altering metabolism and inducing mitochondrial dysfunction. The study suggests that metabolite changes could also serve as biomarkers for TBI-induced neurodegeneration.

Nutritional Deficiency in Early Life Facilitates Aging-Associated Cognitive Decline.

BACKGROUND: Nutrition is important for the fetal developmental programming. Nutritional deficiency in early life could increase the susceptibility to many aging-related disorders including cognitive decline. OBJECTIVE: Our study aims to investigate the effect of early famine exposure on aging-associated cognitive function. METHODS: We recruited 6790 subjects born between 1956 to 1964 during which the Great Chinese Famine occurred (1959-1961). Cognitive function of these subjects were evaluated using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), the Activities of Daily Living scale (ADL), the Instrumental Activities of Daily Living scale (IADL) and the Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR). RESULTS: Our study identified that early exposure to the famine significantly increased the risk of cognitive impairments in later life, leading to higher prevalence of Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) and dementia. We also found the sex and rural-urban differences in this malnutrition-induced effect. Illiteracy, history of stroke or diabetes mellitus are great risk factors to facilitate the cognitive decline. CONCLUSION: These findings demonstrate that exposure to famine during early life including prenatal period and early childhood facilitates aging-associated cognitive deficits.

Regulation of SET Gene Expression by NFkB.

SET is elevated and mislocalized in the neuronal cytoplasm in brains of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Down syndrome (DS) patients. Cytoplasm SET leads to inhibition of protein phosphatase 2A and is involved in the tau pathology. However, the regulation of SET gene expression remains elusive. In the present study, we cloned a 1399-bp segment of the 5' flanking region of the human SET gene and identified that the transcription start site (TSS) of SET transcript 1 is located at 123 bp upstream of the translation start site ATG in exon 1. Sequence analysis reveals several putative regulatory elements including NFkB, Sp1, and HSE. Luciferase assay and electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) identified a functional cis-acting NFkB-responsive element in the SET gene promoter. Overexpression and activation of NFkB upregulate transcription of SET isoform 1 but not isoform 2, indicating that the expression of these two isoforms is differentially regulated. The results demonstrate that NFkB plays an important role in regulation of the human SET gene expression. Our findings suggest that oxidative stress and inflammatory responses could result in abnormal SET gene expression, contributing to the tauopathy in AD pathogenesis.

[Study on the attitudes toward suicide among university students in Chongqing].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the attitudes on suicide and their related factors among university students in Chongqing. METHODS: A total of 9808 students from 11 universities in Chongqing, were chosen under stratified cluster random sampling method and had completed a questionnaire survey through the Scale of Public Attitudes on Suicide(SPAS). RESULTS: Data showed that the scores of university students having negative or neutral attitudes towards questions including "suicide is not preventable", "suicidal behavior is not controllable or is caused by outside forces" and "suicidal behavior can(or is used to)affect the behavior of others'" were 34.28±16.44, 35.64±19.14 and 36.94±16.05 respectively. The scores of students taking neutral attitude towards questions as:"similarity of attempted and completed suicide", "negative attitudes on the behavior or on the person him/her self", "positive aspects of suicide and positive feelings about suicides"were 47.38±22.01, 51.78±17.05 and 37.77±18.12 respectively but 70.77±17.21 went to the students who had agreed with "suicide is an important social/health problem". Factors as gender, nationality, religion, history of attempted suicide and suicide exposure to others appeared having had important effects on the attitude towards suicide among college students. CONCLUSION: It is necessary to consider above mentioned factors when developing related suicide crisis intervention strategy.

[Prevalence of social distance and restriction among college students with suicide attempts in Chongqing].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the attitude towards 10 different populations with different characteristics on their social distance and acceptance among those people with or without suicidal attempts among college students in Chongqing. METHODS: 9808 college students were randomly selected from 11 universities in Chongqing and administered a self-constructed questionnaire "Suicide Attitude and Mental Health Status Questionnaire". A t-test was employed to analyze the social distance and degree of acceptance of college students with or without suicide attempts towards different groups as criminals, hypertensive, with suicide actions, homosexuals, depressive disorder, HIV infection, drug addiction, death of family members, hospitalization history in mental service and alcohol addiction. RESULTS: 169 college students had suicide attempts; the reporting rate of suicide attempts was 1.7%. Among college students, the scores higher than 50 on nine items related to social distance towards strangers with those 10 different characteristics and the top three were on those with HIV infection, drug addiction and hospitalization history in mental service. There were differences (P < 0.05) in scores of social distance attitude towards strangers with drug addiction (with suicide attempts 83.38 ± 21.82, without suicide attempts 78.55 ± 21.55, t = 2.88), hospitalization history in mental service (79.27 ± 21.23, 75.67 ± 21.31, t = 2.17), homosexuality (66.87 ± 24.77, 74.14 ± 21.94, t = -4.25), alcohol addiction (66.72 ± 21.80, 61.00 ± 22.80, t = 3.23) and hypertension (56.65 ± 20.40, 53.36 ± 21.05, t = 2.01) between college students with or without suicide attempts. College students scored higher than 50 in 7 items of social rejective attitudes towards acquaintances, of those with hospitalization history in mental service, drug and alcohol addiction ranked the top three. It showed statistical significances in social rejection attitudes towards acquaintances with homosexuality (35.28 ± 30.38, 42.83 ± 30.76, t = -3.14), severe depression (56.59 ± 28.49, 61.64 ± 25.56, t = -2.53) and suicide behaviors (51.46 ± 28.19, 56.56 ± 26.35, t = -2.48) between students with or without suicide attempts. CONCLUSION: College students in Chongqing kept quite far social distance and restrictive behaviors in college students with or without suicide attempts. Targeted interventions on suicide attempters should be carried out accordingly.

[Study on the related factors to suicidal behavior between two groups in university students].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the prevalence of self-reported suicidal behavior in university students and to compare the related risk factors between two selected groups. METHODS: A questionnaire survey on situation of suicidal behavior and risk factors was conducted among 9808 university students. RESULTS: The overall rate of suicide attempts among university students was 1.7%. Factors as suicidal attitude, having associates who had suicidal experience and negative life events, were significantly different between groups with or without suicide attempts. Risk factors on suicidal behavior were as follows: high frequency of feeling hopeless in the last year (OR = 4.23, 95%CI: 3.05 - 5.85), first degree relatives with suicide behavior (OR = 2.85, 95%CI: 1.72 - 4.73), having associates with suicide behavior (OR = 2.82, 95%CI: 2.05 - 3.88), having had sexual experience (OR = 2.73, 95%CI: 1.88 - 3.96), daily live being influenced by the existing psychological problems in the last month (OR = 2.53, 95%CI: 1.80 - 3.56), being female (OR = 2.47, 95%CI: 1.77 - 3.45) and having other relatives with suicide behaviors (OR = 2.36, 95%CI:1.63 - 3.41). CONCLUSION: Psychological, biological and social factors had influenced on suicidal behaviors among university students which all called for effective intervention to be implemented.